By: Emerson Silva & Maria E. Trombini
One of the most significant fruits of the Mexican Revolution was the Constitution of (1917 Constitution of Mexico), which could be considered as the final goal of all leaders striving for national rights for the Mexicans, the so called “Constitutionalists”. With the fall of Huerta, the revolutionaries were fighting internally to see who would be the next to sit on the presidential chair. Carranza had his forces in Veracruz, while
Obregon was in Mexico City, after a dispute, Carranza emerged as the leader of the revolutionary forces. In an attempt to institutionalize the Revolution, he called for a meeting at Querétaro, where the revolutionaries put together a new supreme law for Mexico; hence, the “Constitucion Politica de los Estados Unidos de Mexicanos” was officially formed (Country Studies). To many, this is seen as one of the most liberal codes of the century, due to its clauses on land reform, women rights- that in the end were stroked from the document- and its complex labor code that emphasized the rights of the Mexicans above any other thing(Tuck).
However, some of its provisions were not implemented at the time because the former president overlook constitutional reforms to maintain the economy and mend its deterioration; similarly, the following presidents- Obregon and Calles- ignored the provisions- specially those related to land expropriation- to focus on their personal needs and pragmatic views.
I. Constitution of 1917
· http://www. latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm
The original document of the Constitution, divided into its original articles and organized under titles such as “Individual Guarantees”, “Judiciary Branches” and other sections in which the respective articles apply
· http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)
Background on the Mexican Revolution, identifying the causes that ultimately lead to the Constitution of 1917. This is a very concise document, includes a brief paragraph explaining Carranza’s regime as the main responsible for putting together the Mexican Constitution
· http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html
Constitution as Amended,it was coded by Marc Becker and contains different sections for each topic, such as a sub-topics on rights granted for Foreigners, another for Mexicans. Also, titles specify “Ammendments”, in reference to the parts that were either removed or inserted into the original document, and different aspects such as “The Inviolability of the Constitution
Obregon was in Mexico City, after a dispute, Carranza emerged as the leader of the revolutionary forces. In an attempt to institutionalize the Revolution, he called for a meeting at Querétaro, where the revolutionaries put together a new supreme law for Mexico; hence, the “Constitucion Politica de los Estados Unidos de Mexicanos” was officially formed (Country Studies). To many, this is seen as one of the most liberal codes of the century, due to its clauses on land reform, women rights- that in the end were stroked from the document- and its complex labor code that emphasized the rights of the Mexicans above any other thing(Tuck).
However, some of its provisions were not implemented at the time because the former president overlook constitutional reforms to maintain the economy and mend its deterioration; similarly, the following presidents- Obregon and Calles- ignored the provisions- specially those related to land expropriation- to focus on their personal needs and pragmatic views.
I. Constitution of 1917
· http://www. latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm
The original document of the Constitution, divided into its original articles and organized under titles such as “Individual Guarantees”, “Judiciary Branches” and other sections in which the respective articles apply
· http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)
Background on the Mexican Revolution, identifying the causes that ultimately lead to the Constitution of 1917. This is a very concise document, includes a brief paragraph explaining Carranza’s regime as the main responsible for putting together the Mexican Constitution
· http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html
Constitution as Amended,it was coded by Marc Becker and contains different sections for each topic, such as a sub-topics on rights granted for Foreigners, another for Mexicans. Also, titles specify “Ammendments”, in reference to the parts that were either removed or inserted into the original document, and different aspects such as “The Inviolability of the Constitution
Carranza
1. http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920
· This is an article entitled “Reluctant revolutionary: the rocky road of Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920)”, it asesses Carranza’s efforts in writing the Constitution as well as the context of other leaders, such as Zapata and Obregon.
o Additional Information on Carranza found at:
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=382
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=535
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=391
http://www.emersonkent.com/history_notes/venustiano_carranza.htm
Obregon
1. http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/290-alone-at-the-top-the-achievement-of-alvaro-obreg%C3%B3n
· An article from ‘Mexconnect” entitled “Alone at the top: the achievement of Alvaro Obregón”, it is by Jim Tuck, historical writer, and it analysis Obregon’s profile, background and relationship with the family of “revolutionary leaders”.
2. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0030)
· A concise summary of Obregon’s rule from 1920-1924 from the Library of Congress Country Studies
o Additional Information on Obregon found at:
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=574
http://www.emersonkent.com/history_notes/alvaro_obregon.htm
· An article from ‘Mexconnect” entitled “Alone at the top: the achievement of Alvaro Obregón”, it is by Jim Tuck, historical writer, and it analysis Obregon’s profile, background and relationship with the family of “revolutionary leaders”.
2. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0030)
· A concise summary of Obregon’s rule from 1920-1924 from the Library of Congress Country Studies
o Additional Information on Obregon found at:
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=574
http://www.emersonkent.com/history_notes/alvaro_obregon.htm
Calles
1. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0031)
· Also from the Library of Congress Country Studies, summary about Calles’ presidency and, finally, is Maximato and sexenio.
2. http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/301-plutarco-elias-calles-crusader-in-reverse
· Another article by Jim Tuck about the presidency of Calles and his path to seizing
o Additional Information on Calles found at:
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=337
1. Timeline
http://www.emersonkent.com/history/timelines/mexican_ revolution_timeline_1917.htm
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1917 Constitution of Mexico. 26 de Oct de 2009 <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm>.
Country Studies. June de 1996. 27 de Oct de 2009 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)>.
Tuck, Jim. Mexconnect. 9 de Oct de 2008. 29 de Oct de 2009 <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920>.
"18917 Mexican Constitution." www.latinamericanstudies.org. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm>.
"Mexico." Library of Congress Country Studies. June 1996. Library of Congress Country Studies, Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)>.
Becker, Marc. "1917 Constitution of Mexico (as amended)." Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html>.
Tuck, Jim. "Reluctant revolutionary: the rocky road of Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920)." Mexconnect. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920>.
Tuck, Jim. "Alone at the top: the achievement of Alvaro Obregón." Mexconnect. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/290-alone-at-the-top-the-achievement-of-alvaro-obreg%C3%B3n>.
Starks, Carrie. "Obregón, Alvaro—Transformation of Mexico." Library of Congress Country Studies. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=574>.
Mabry, Donald. "Calles, Plutarco Elías (1877 -1945)." Historical archives. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=337>.
Works Cited
1917 Constitution of Mexico. 26 Oct 2009 <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm>.
Country Studies. June 1996. 27 Oct 2009 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)>.
Tuck, Jim. Mexconnect. 9 Oct 2008. 29 Oct 2009 <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920>.
· Also from the Library of Congress Country Studies, summary about Calles’ presidency and, finally, is Maximato and sexenio.
2. http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/301-plutarco-elias-calles-crusader-in-reverse
· Another article by Jim Tuck about the presidency of Calles and his path to seizing
o Additional Information on Calles found at:
http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=337
1. Timeline
http://www.emersonkent.com/history/timelines/mexican_ revolution_timeline_1917.htm
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1917 Constitution of Mexico. 26 de Oct de 2009 <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm>.
Country Studies. June de 1996. 27 de Oct de 2009 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)>.
Tuck, Jim. Mexconnect. 9 de Oct de 2008. 29 de Oct de 2009 <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920>.
"18917 Mexican Constitution." www.latinamericanstudies.org. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm>.
"Mexico." Library of Congress Country Studies. June 1996. Library of Congress Country Studies, Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)>.
Becker, Marc. "1917 Constitution of Mexico (as amended)." Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.ilstu.edu/class/hist263/docs/1917const.html>.
Tuck, Jim. "Reluctant revolutionary: the rocky road of Venustiano Carranza (1859–1920)." Mexconnect. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920>.
Tuck, Jim. "Alone at the top: the achievement of Alvaro Obregón." Mexconnect. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/290-alone-at-the-top-the-achievement-of-alvaro-obreg%C3%B3n>.
Starks, Carrie. "Obregón, Alvaro—Transformation of Mexico." Library of Congress Country Studies. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=574>.
Mabry, Donald. "Calles, Plutarco Elías (1877 -1945)." Historical archives. Web. 29 Oct 2009. <http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=337>.
Works Cited
1917 Constitution of Mexico. 26 Oct 2009 <http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/mexico/1917-Constitution.htm>.
Country Studies. June 1996. 27 Oct 2009 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+mx0029)>.
Tuck, Jim. Mexconnect. 9 Oct 2008. 29 Oct 2009 <http://www.mexconnect.com/articles/251-reluctant-revolutionary-the-rocky-road-of-venustiano-carranza-1859-1920>.